340 research outputs found
Checkliste Lizenzverträge
Diese Checkliste soll eine Hilfe sein bei der Beurteilung von Verträgen für die Lizenzierung elektronischer Medien in Bibliotheken. Sie ist entnommen aus: Mittermaier, B. und Reinhardt, W.: Lizenzierung elektronischer Medien. In: Griebel, R., Schäffler, H. und Söllner, K.: Praxishandbuch Bibliotheksmanagement. Berlin: De Gruyter (2014). Die elektronischer Fassung wird bei Bedarf aktualisiert
Library consortia in Germany
Whenever German librarians talk about consortia in the presence of lawyers
(even if they are libarians themselves) they meet with vehement protest. In
German the legal term „consortium“ is restricted to a relatively narrow
meaning. In „Meyers neues Lexikon“ from 1993 it is defined as: „Bank merger
for stock exchange dealings and credit transactions ...“ And from the same
source the definition of consortial business: „Syndicate business for which
several members (mostly banks) join up for a consortium. Reasons for forming
a consortium are: 1. Overstraining of the financial resources of each individual
consortium member, 2. spreading of risks ...“ 1
While risk-spreading is not really an issue for libraries, their financial
resources are undoubtedly overstrained. There are three reasons: the pricing
policy – that is to say the heavy annual price rise – of the publishers, the
rapidly increasing number of academic publications not likely to slow down in
the foreseeable future as well as the expectations and wishes of our users and
customers, the scientific community. Therefore, the term „purchasing
association“ may be the correct one from a (German) legal point of view. As
in many similar cases the term was adopted from an Anglo-American background
with a much broader meaning: „Partnership, association. Now more
specifically an association of business, banking or manufacturing organizations.“
2 In Germany the term „consortium“ is now widely used for joint
actions of libraries
Pilot-Scale Production of the Natural Colorant Laetiporic Acid, Its Stability and Potential Applications
Laetiporus sulphureus, a wood-decaying basidiomycete, produces yellow-orange pigments in fruiting bodies and, as was recently shown, in submerged cultivated mycelia. Out of four strains, the most potent laetiporic acid producer was identified and its yield compared in different media. The complex Moser b medium was replaced by potato dextrose broth, achieving higher yields at a lower cost. Cultivation was then scaled up from shake flask to a 7 L stirred tank bioreactor. Optimization of parameters led to increased product concentrations up to 1 g L−1, the highest yield reported so far. An in situ product recovery strategy with a biphasic system was established, increasing the yield by 19% on the shake flask scale. A crude ethanolic extract of the biomass was examined for color stability and application trials. In contrast to what has been suggested in the past, the pigment showed limited long-term stability to oxygen and light, but was stable under storage in the dark at 4 °C under nitrogen. The orange extract was successfully incorporated into different matrices like foods, cosmetics and textiles. Laetiporic acid can potentially replace petrochemical based synthetic dyes, and can thus support the development of a circular bioeconomy
Production of natural colorants by liquid fermentation with Chlorociboria aeruginascens and Laetiporus sulphureus and prospective applications
The replacement of potentially hazardous synthetic dyes with natural dyes and pigments are of great interest for a sustainable economy. In order to obtain cost-efficient, environmentally friendly and competitive products, improvements in the cultivation and extraction of pigment-producing organisms and in dyeing processes are necessary. In our study, we were able to scale up the production of xylindein by Chlorociboria aeruginascens from 3 to 70 L bioreactor cultivations. We have identified important bioprocess parameters like low shear stress (150 rpm, tip speed <0.5 m/s) for optimal pigment yield (4.8 mg/L/d). Additionally, we have demonstrated the potential of laetiporic acid production by Laetiporus sulphureus in various cultivation systems and media, achieving dried biomass concentrations of almost 10 g/L with a 7 L bioreactor cultivation after 17 days. Extractions performed at 70°C and 15 min incubation time showed optimal results. To the best of our knowledge, we have described for the first time the use of this pigment in silk dyeing, which results in a brilliant hue that cannot easily be produced by other natural pigments. © 2020 The Authors. Engineering in Life Sciences published by Wiley-VCH Gmb
Alkane degradation under anoxic conditions by a nitrate-reducing bacterium with possible involvement of the electron acceptor in substrate activation
Microorganisms can degrade saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) not only under oxic but also under anoxic conditions. Three denitrifying isolates (strains HxN1, OcN1, HdN1) able to grow under anoxic conditions by coupling alkane oxidation to CO2 with NO3− reduction to N2 were compared with respect to their alkane metabolism. Strains HxN1 and OcN1, which are both Betaproteobacteria, utilized n-alkanes from C6 to C8 and C8 to C12 respectively. Both activate alkanes anaerobically in a fumarate-dependent reaction yielding alkylsuccinates, as suggested by present and previous metabolite and gene analyses. However, strain HdN1 was unique in several respects. It belongs to the Gammaproteobacteria and was more versatile towards alkanes, utilizing the range from C6 to C30. Neither analysis of metabolites nor analysis of genes in the complete genome sequence of strain HdN1 hinted at fumarate-dependent alkane activation. Moreover, whereas strains HxN1 and OcN1 grew with alkanes and NO3−, NO2− or N2O added to the medium, strain HdN1 oxidized alkanes only with NO3− or NO2− but not with added N2O; but N2O was readily used for growth with long-chain alcohols or fatty acids. Results suggest that NO2− or a subsequently formed nitrogen compound other than N2O is needed for alkane activation in strain HdN1. From an energetic point of view, nitrogen–oxygen species are generally rather strong oxidants. They may enable enzymatic mechanisms that are not possible under conditions of sulfate reduction or methanogenesis and thus allow a special mode of alkane activation
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Windkanaluntersuchungen an einem frei gelüfteten Milchviehstall
Die Luftdurchströmung von frei gelüfteten Ställen und der sich daraus ergebende Luftwechsel
bestimmen das Stallklima und die Emissionsraten von Schadstoffen. In der Praxis sind
diese Kenngrößen aufgrund der zeitlichen wie räumlichen Variabilität der vorherrschenden
Prozesse nur schwer zu erfassen. Laborexperimente im Windkanal können unter kontrollierten
Bedingungen statistisch repräsentative Daten erzeugen und damit Praxismessungen sinnvoll
ergänzen. Windkanalmessungen der horizontalen Windgeschwindigkeitskomponenten wurden
an einem Modell eines frei gelüfteten Milchviehstalles durchgeführt. Die Messungen erfolgten
unter einer turbulenzarmen Anströmung, um den Einfluss der Einbauten im Stallmodell auf die
Luftströmung erfassen zu können. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Einbauten und der Futtertisch
die gemessenen Strömungsgrößen beeinflussen.The air exchange rate regulating the climate inside of natural
ventilated livestock buildings is hard to determine in the
field due to the variability of time and space of the dominant
processes. Experiments in a wind tunnel laboratory can
produce sound statistical and representative data obtained
under controlled boundary conditions to complete data sets
from the field. In this study, measurements of the horizontal
wind components within a model of a natural ventilated barn
were performed in the wind tunnel. The approach flow was
chosen with low turbulence in order to gain knowledge on
the influence of the installed equipment on the air flow. In
fact, the measured profiles were influenced by the installed
equipment and the feeding alley
The effect of malnutrition on patients undergoing elective joint arthroplasty.
Malnutrition has been linked to serious complications in patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This study prospectively evaluated 2,161 patients undergoing elective TJA for malnutrition as defined by either an abnormal serum albumin or transferrin. The overall incidence of malnutrition was 8.5% (184 of 2,161) and the rate of overall complications in the malnourished group was 12% as compared to 2.9% in patients with normal parameters (P55years-old undergoing TJA and is associated with a significant increase in post-operative complications
Cellular and Genetic Analysis of Wound Healing in Drosophila Larvae
To establish a genetic system to study postembryonic wound healing, we characterized epidermal wound healing in Drosophila larvae. Following puncture wounding, larvae begin to bleed but within an hour a plug forms in the wound gap. Over the next couple of hours the outer part of the plug melanizes to form a scab, and epidermal cells surrounding the plug orient toward it and then fuse to form a syncytium. Subsequently, more-peripheral cells orient toward and fuse with the central syncytium. During this time, the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is activated in a gradient emanating out from the wound, and the epidermal cells spread along or through the wound plug to reestablish a continuous epithelium and its basal lamina and apical cuticle lining. Inactivation of the JNK pathway inhibits epidermal spreading and reepithelialization but does not affect scab formation or other wound healing responses. Conversely, mutations that block scab formation, and a scabless wounding procedure, provide evidence that the scab stabilizes the wound site but is not required to initiate other wound responses. However, in the absence of a scab, the JNK pathway is hyperinduced, reepithelialization initiates but is not always completed, and a chronic wound ensues. The results demonstrate that the cellular responses of wound healing are under separate genetic control, and that the responses are coordinated by multiple signals emanating from the wound site, including a negative feedback signal between scab formation and the JNK pathway. Cell biological and molecular parallels to vertebrate wound healing lead us to speculate that wound healing is an ancient response that has diversified during evolution
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